Thinking and intelligence



      

 Thinking

-          Refers to attending to information and representing it mentally. For example making sense of and change the world.





































                  Mental images
-          Can be defined as pictures in the mind or a visual representation in the absence of environment input. For example, day dreaming and the mental visualization that occurs while reading a book.

         Concept
-          A mental grouping of similar things, events and people that is used to remember and understand what things are, what they mean and what categories or groups they belong to. For example, if I say to you, “think of a car” the concept car will evoke some ideas in your head about what a car is and what types of characteristics it contains.


  Problem solving
-          Using thoughts and actions to move from the current state to the goal state, in other words achieving a desired goal that is not readily attainable often by devising strategies to overcome obstacles.
-          Three types of problem solving:
1.       Trial and error
-          Continue trying different solutions until problem is solved. For example, restarting phone, turning off WIFI, turning off Bluetooth in order to determine why your phone is malfunctioning.
2.       Algorithm
-          Step-by-step problem solving formula. For example, instruction manual for installing new software on your computer.
3.       Heuristic
-          General problem ssolving framework. For example, breaking a task into steps.

Factors that affect problem solving
·         Expertise
·         Insight
·         Mental sets
·         Incubation
·         Functional fixedness


 Intelligence
The ability to benefit from past experience, act purposefully, solve problems and adapt to new situations.





Spearman’s theory of intelligence
·         G factor  - the ability to reasons and solve problems, or general intelligence. For example, a person who does well on a verbal test would probably alsodo well on other tests.
·         S-factor – the ability to excel in certain areas or specific intelligence



Gardner’s multiple intelligence
-          Gardner proposed that people vary in their profile of 8 distinct forms of intelligence.


Triarchic theory of intelligence
-          Robert Sternberg proposed that distinguished among three aspects of intelligence.
·         Componential intelligence (analytic)
-          The ability assessed by intelligence test. For example, comparing, analysing and evaluating an information.
·         Experiential intelligence (creative)
-          The ability to adapt to new situations and produce new ideas. For example, inventing solution to new problems and transfer the skills on have on a new situation.
·         Contextual intelligence (practical)
-          The ability to function effectively in daily situations. For example, dealing with everyday tasks relating to world.

Emotional intelligence
-          The ability to identify and manage your own emotions and emotions of others.




Videos for further references:
                     
                                 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

Image
Introduction to Psychology We’ll go straight to the point. What does ‘Psychology’ really mean? -Definition: A scientific study of human behavior and mental process. -A science based on observation and experience (Empirical Science). It relies on the evidence we gather from observation and experience to know how humans think, feel and behave. This is the symbol for Psychology: In Psychology, we’ll encounter, and use, many theories. But what are theories, exactly? Well, it’s a set of ideas used to explain something, like phenomena . Theories allows us to: -offer reasons for relationships -obtain information from explanations -make predictions Of course, what can psychology possibly do? The goals of psychology are to: -Describe. To describe what had/has happened. -Explain. To explain why had it happened. -Predict. To predict when it will happen again. -Control. To know how to control. So, what exactly do Psychologists do? Well. Psychologists pra
Read more

MEMORY

Image
Chapter 5. Our Memory. Since We Obviously Know How It Works. Truthfully though, we never give it much thought, but what is our memory anyway? The inner workings of our memory, is what we’ll talk about today. So, first things first. We all know what memory is for: Memorizing. Or else, why would it be called our ‘memory’? However, how do we ‘memorize’ and ‘remember’? Well, in memory, there are three key processes. The first is  Encoding , which involves forming a memory code . It's like the process of recording a video, where you take a video of the event that's happening. Next is  Storage , which involves maintaining encoded information in memory over time . So, it means taking that video you recorded and save it in the, well, storage! The final process is  Retrieval , which involves recovering information from memory stores . Again, it's just viewing the video from the storage. There is another way to memorize the three key processes in memory. Think of our memo
Read more
Image
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Social Thinking   Social Psychology - Psychology is the logical investigation of how individuals act, think, and feel. Social psychology research considers how individuals act, think, and feel with regards to society. That is, the means by which individuals' practices, considerations, and emotions change as a result of other individuals. Attribution Theory - Attributions are deductions that individuals make about the reasons for occasions and conduct. Individuals influence attributions keeping in mind the end goal to comprehend their encounters. Attributions firmly impact the way individuals associate with others.       EXAMPLE : Solamon's motorbike breakdown in the interstate road. In the event that he trusts the breakdown happened in context of his carelessness about motorbikes, he is making an inner attribution. In the event that he expect that the breakdown happened in light of the way that his motorbike is old, he is making an outside attr
Read more