LEARNING

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (HUMAN)


 BEHAVIORISM

*refers to a psychological approach which will be  emphasizes  the scientific and the objective methods of investigation.


TYPES OF BEHAVIORISM


*Methodological Behaviorism

*Radical Behaviorism

Classical Conditioning

Ivan Pavlov
​ A Russian Physiologist
 It was Found that dogs learn to salivate to simply the sounds that they regularly hear before being fed

Developed classical conditioning by the:
​neutral stimuli associated with stimuli such as food will produce similar responses as the old stimuli


Classical Conditioning Process


*it was an unconditioned stimulus (US or UCS) the original stimulus that elicits asort of response
elicits a natural, reflexive response produces an unconditioned response (UR or UCR)


Operant Conditioning


Definition
​*Learning based on the association of consequences with one’s behavior
​*Edward Thorndike
Experiment
​*locked a cat in a puzzle cage
cat had to get out to get food
time required decreased over trials
concluded that the cat learned new behavior without mental activity
*Law effect
 of effec​if the consequences of a behavior are pleasant:
​the stimulus-response (S-R) connection will be strengthened
the likelihood of the behavior will increase
​*vice-versa

B.F. Skinner
​*Coined the term operant conditioning
Skinner box
​*has a way to deliver food to an animal and a lever to press or disk to peck in order to get the food
reinforcer- the food
*reinforcement- the process of giving the food
​anything that makes a behavior more likely to occur is a reinforcer
​*positive reinforcement
​the addition of something pleasant
​*negative reinforcement
​the removal of something unpleasant
​escape learning
​allows one to terminate an aversive stimulus
​avoidance learning
​enables one to avoid the aversive stimulus all together



Punishment

​Affecting behavior by using unpleasant consequences
​​Positive punishment
​the addition of something unpleasant
​Negative punishment
​“omission training”
the removal of something pleasant

Shaping
​rewarding approximations of the desired behavior
increases the likelihood and speed of the subject stumbling upon the                                           desired behavior for the first time
​Chaining
​teaching subjects to perform a number of responses successively in order to get a reward
example
​a rat named Barnabus who learned to run through a veritable obstacle course to get food
​​Discriminative stimulus
​in discrimination, the special conditions under which the subject learns to perform the desired behavior

















CLASSICAL CONDITIONING



CLASSICAL VS OPERANT (CONDITIONING)
THE EASIEST WAY
NEGATIVE & POSITIVE (PUNISHMENT)

NEGATIVE & POSITIVE (REINFORMENT)


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